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Structures From Immune System's Oldest Branch Shed Light On A Range Of Diseases
How molecules of the oldest branch of the human immune system have interconnected has remained a mystery. Now, two new structures, both involving a central component of an enzyme important to the complement system of the immune response, reveal how this system fights invading microbes while avoiding problems of the body attacking itself.
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Prostate-Specific Antigen: To Test Or Not To Test, From Harvard Men's Health Watch
One of the most controversial issues in men"s health is whether men should routinely have a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to screen for prostate cancer. Some experts argue that PSA testing saves lives by helping detect this common form of cancer early. Others say it triggers unnecessary treatment that disrupts many more lives than it saves. The results of two studies released this spring focused the debate, but scientists are still a long way from concluding the discussion, reports the July 2009 issue of Harvard Men"s Health Watch.
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Psychologists Investigate Cognitive Failings Of Eating Disorder Sufferers

Sufferers of eating disorders have problems with certain mental tasks; this is the finding of a comprehensive overview of studies examining the link between cognitive deficits and eating disorders, published online in the Journal of Neuropsychology today, 22nd July 2009. Professor Konstantine Zakzanis from the University of Toronto carried out an analysis of 27 studies that investigated the thinking of 608 anorexia nervosa sufferers, and 14 studies of 347 bulimia nervosa patients to look for consistent patterns in cognitive deficits. Professor Zakzanis said: "Over the last 30 years, many psychological studies have tested people with anorexia or bulimia on tasks such as decision making, verbal memory and reaction times and have found that people with eating disorders perform worse than people who don"t have an eating disorder. "In this overview we found consistent results that people with anorexia and bulimia have significant problems with some cognitive processes, and as sufferers" body mass decreased, the severity of their cognitive impairments increased." Anorexia sufferers were found to have particular impairments in spatial perception and representation, which could explain the distorted assessment of body image in patients with anorexia nervosa. Bulimia patients had less significant impairments than anorexia sufferers overall, but a particular impairment in impulsivity was observed, with 21 per cent of patients scoring worse on measures of impulsivity when compared to people without an eating disorder. "These results tell us that people with eating disorders have particular patterns of cognitive deficits. However, at this stage we do not know whether these deficits are a result of abnormal eating patterns, malnutrition for example, or whether these cognitive deficits result in, or affect the progression of eating disorders," Professor Zakzanis continued. "If cognitive deficits are behind eating disorders this could help us to understand why certain people are affected and could help us to develop future psychological treatments." British Psychological Society


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